Assessment Formats
Take-Home-Exam (THE)
Definition and Function:
A Take-Home Exam (THE) does not necessarily have to be digital. Digitally conducted take-home exams can vary both technically and didactically: The time frames range from just one hour to several days. The submission format ranges from an assignment that is uploaded, for example, via email, to the use of learning platforms with open-ended and multiple-choice questions (online exam) (as per HFD 2021). At UHH, both options are available in OLAT and Moodle.
When are THEs particularly suitable?
THEs are particularly suitable when no examination rooms are available or when students have already gained experience with learning platforms and their types of tasks. They are also suitable for concluding a digital semester, in order to build learning and teaching content upon each other in the spirit of constructive alignment. The long processing time for submission tasks allows for complex questions that can achieve higher learning objectives, even with the use of additional resources.
The further advantages and disadvantages of THEs largely correspond to those of an electronic exam. However, due to the unbounded 'examination room,' loss of control, and the long processing period, attempts at cheating may occur, which can manifest in the sharing of answers.
E-exam
Definition and Function
An electronic exam (E-exam) is the digital equivalent of a traditional written paper exam. It is typically conducted on mobile devices such as tablets or laptops, or in stationary computer labs and test centers.
Unlike other e-assessment formats, the E-exam is a legally recognized term in examination law. The distribution, administration, and processing of the exam must take place within the same IT system, such as Moodle or OLAT (HFD 2021).
How can E-exams be effectively utilized?
E-exams are particularly suitable for large cohorts. When tasks can be evaluated automatically, the efficiency of grading is maximized. To gain a pedagogical advantage in examinations, it is advisable to assess higher learning objectives with various types of tasks and to incorporate multimedia elements.
Advantages:
- Integration of media is possible, especially graphics, photos, and videos for visualizing processes.
- Reduced correction and evaluation time due to automatic grading, leading to quicker feedback.
- Elimination of distribution methods (printing, distributing, collecting).
- Inputs can be revised multiple times without loss of quality.
- Improved objectivity of interpretation: manual corrections of open-ended questions can be made consecutively for all users.
- Holistic assessment is possible: integration of formative and summative assessments via the learning platform.
- Minimization of attempts to cheat through measures such as randomization of question order.
Disadvantages:
- Longer preparation time; practice exams should also be factored in.
- There is a risk with automatic grading that feedback remains at a correct/incorrect level.
- Designing a didactically challenging questionnaire can take additional time.
- Compatibility with examination regulations is not always ensured.
Video Chat
Definition and Function
Video chat is a way to organize oral exams digitally. Using a video conferencing tool and a webcam, you can ask the examinee questions in real time. The requirements regarding time, as set out in the respective examination regulations, apply. In addition to the examiner, an additional observer must be present to adhere to the six-eyes principle. A protocol is also prepared.
How can video chats be effectively used for oral exams?
This examination format is particularly useful when the participants cannot be at the same location at the same time.
Advantages:
- Spatial and temporal flexibility can be achieved
- Direct real-time communication allows for immediate interaction
- No additional time (and possibly financial) expenditure if travel can be avoided
Disadvantages:
- Organizational effort: requires a neutral observer and involves legal considerations
- Technical requirements: necessary infrastructure must be available; pre-testing of the video conferencing tool is recommended
Self-Assessment
Definition and Function:
We understand self-assessment as an umbrella term for various assessment formats that allow learners to evaluate, test, and judge themselves. These can include quizzes, live polls, or digital flashcards. They are often automatically graded so that students can receive immediate feedback.
When are self-assessments particularly useful?
Self-assessments are particularly suitable for diagnostic or formative assessments. Before a learning unit or a study program, students can check if they meet the prerequisites. During a course, the learning progress can be assessed and feedback can be used to immediately influence the learning process. As an educator, you can identify gaps and respond to students' needs in subsequent learning units through teaching on demand.
E-Portfolio
Definition and Function
E-portfolios are electronic collections that contain various digital media and learning artifacts. The goal is to assess competencies and to reflect on the student's own learning process.
How can E-portfolios be used effectively?
E-portfolios are particularly useful when the development of the learner within a course (course-accompanying E-portfolio) or over a longer period of study (study-accompanying E-portfolio) is to be made visible.
Depending on the purpose and objectives, three types of E-portfolios are generally distinguished:
Assessment: This focuses on meeting formal requirements.
Development: Tracking a learner's development over an extended period is emphasized.
Presentation: Selected works are showcased to an audience.
Advantages:
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Autonomous assembly of materials by the student
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Flexible work: can be changed at any time or annotated with comments
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Reflection: Selecting, analyzing, and describing materials can contribute to the development of learning strategies and media literacy
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Documentation of the course of study and the student's development
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Various levels of visibility are possible (from access for all interested parties to a private learning diary)
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Comparison and feedback from fellow students possible
Disadvantages:
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Requires a higher level of technical skills
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Significant time investment for creation and maintenance
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Too specific guidelines from the instructor can hinder reflection
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Collecting materials can lead to a blind accumulation of items
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Risk of excessive reflection leading to a mental whirlpool